Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System by James C. Bonner & Jared M. Brown

Author:James C. Bonner & Jared M. Brown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030339623
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

7.6.2 Oral Exposure

Oral exposure to nanoparticles may disrupt nutrient absorption via changes in the microvilli and/or transporter genes; further, it is likely that foodstuffs directly and indirectly affect the absorption of nanoparticles. As such, the toxicity of orally ingested nanoparticles likely differs significantly from other exposure types (Cao et al. 2016).

End-organ damage and alterations in homeostasis, but not genotoxic effects, have been observed following oral administration of certain nanomaterials. Evidence of slight liver damage was observed in rats orally administered silver nanoparticles for 13 weeks; silver was dose-dependently detected in all tissues examined (Kim et al. 2010). Highly soluble zinc oxide nanoparticles administered orally are more toxic than less soluble forms and may interfere with homeostasis of zinc ions in the body (Wang et al. 2017). Oral administration of copper oxide nanoparticles to rats significantly altered antioxidant enzyme activity, with a decrease in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity and a concomitant increase in products of lipid peroxidation, suggesting that acute toxicity in the liver might be attributable to oxidative stress (Anreddy 2018). Accumulation of gold nanomaterials in intestinal epithelial cells decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (Yao et al. 2015). Finally, genotoxic effects at the DNA, gene, or chromosome level were not observed in rats orally administered low doses of CeO2 or a high dose of BaSO4 for 3–6 months (Cordelli et al. 2017).

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